EAA compliance for online marketplaces and platforms
How EAA duties split on a multi-vendor marketplace: what the platform operator owns, what sellers owe, and how to check it honestly.
Pavel CharkasauBlog su accessibilità e conformità — EAA, WCAG, EN 301 549
Approfondimenti, guide e aggiornamenti sulla conformità normativa in materia di accessibilità.
- business casebuying guide
How to build the business case for accessibility
How to build an accessibility business case that finance and product will accept: reach, legal duties, cost of fixing late, and what to measure.
Pavel Charkasau - accessibility-statementhonesty
Does an accessibility statement protect you legally?
An accessibility statement records effort; it is not a legal shield. What it does under the EAA and the ADA, and how to write one that holds up.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAscope
Does the EAA apply to US and non-EU businesses?
Why the European Accessibility Act reaches US and other non-EU companies that sell to EU consumers, what changes for products, and what to do first.
Pavel Charkasau - compliance softwarebuying guide
What is accessibility compliance software?
What accessibility compliance software does: finds detectable WCAG issues, tracks fixes, keeps evidence. Who needs it, and what it can't decide.
Pavel Charkasau - overlayhonesty
Do accessibility overlays help users? The evidence
Do accessibility overlays help users? What blind and low-vision users report, where widgets clash with screen readers, and what helps instead.
Pavel Charkasau - Section 508WCAG
The Section 508 Refresh (ICT Final Rule), explained
What the 2017 Section 508 Refresh changed: WCAG 2.0 AA by reference, function-based rules, internal documents in scope, and the legacy safe harbor.
Pavel Charkasau - ADAreal estate
ADA compliance for real estate and listing websites
How the ADA applies to real estate websites: brokerages, IDX listing feeds, map search and filters, and which WCAG criteria listing sites fail.
Pavel Charkasau - accessibilityJira
A Jira accessibility workflow that doesn't create noise
Route accessibility findings into Jira as one ticket per root cause, with severity, WCAG references and a status that follows the next re-scan.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAself-service terminals
EAA self-service terminals: what kiosks and ATMs need
Which kiosks, ATMs, ticket and payment terminals the EAA covers, the seven terminal-specific requirements, and how EN 301 549 makes them testable.
Pavel Charkasau - overlaycode-first
How to remove an accessibility overlay and fix the code
A practical plan to remove an accessibility overlay: find every install, baseline the real code, fix it in source, and replace the toolbar honestly.
Pavel Charkasau - WCAGhonesty
What does WCAG compliant actually mean?
WCAG defines conformance, not compliance. What the phrase can honestly claim, which version and level the law means, and how to word your own claim.
Pavel Charkasau - EN 301 549testing
How to test for EN 301 549 conformance
EN 301 549 testing in practice: scope the clauses that apply, sample with WCAG-EM 2.0, run the Annex C tests, and record Pass, Fail or N/A.
Pavel Charkasau - ADATitle I
ADA compliance for job application and hiring portals
What the ADA asks of a careers site: Title I and the application process, third-party applicant tracking systems, and the WCAG checks for apply flows.
Pavel Charkasau - ADATitle II
ADA Title II website compliance: a public-sector guide
What the DOJ's Title II rule requires of state and local government websites, apps and PDFs, how the five exceptions work, and where to start.
Pavel Charkasau - buying guideautomated testing
Build vs buy accessibility testing: what your team needs
The axe-core engine is free; the crawling, history and reporting around it are not. How to decide whether to build or buy accessibility testing.
Pavel Charkasau - honestyvendors
How to vet an accessibility vendor's compliance claims
How to check accessibility vendor claims: what WCAG compliant should mean, how to read a VPAT, and what the FTC accessiBe order says about proof.
Pavel Charkasau - EN 301 549WCAG
EN 301 549 Chapter 9: the web requirements explained
EN 301 549 Chapter 9 applies WCAG A and AA to web pages. How the clauses are numbered, what 9.6 and the new 9.7 add, and what changes in V4.1.1.
Pavel Charkasau - ADATitle III
Does the ADA apply to websites? A plain answer
DOJ says the ADA covers websites, and has since 1996. Courts still split on how far. Here is what is settled, what is not, and what to do.
Pavel Charkasau - accessibilityCI
How to block merges with an accessibility GitHub Action
Set up an accessibility GitHub Action as a required check that fails a pull request only on new regressions, using a baseline saved from main.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAstreaming
EAA streaming compliance: what video services must do
What the European Accessibility Act asks of streaming and on-demand video services: programme guides, subtitles, audio description, player controls.
Pavel Charkasau - remediationcost
How much does accessibility remediation cost?
What drives accessibility remediation cost: templates, custom components, complex flows and manual review, and how to scope it before a quote.
Pavel Charkasau - WCAGhonesty
Is there such a thing as WCAG certification?
No body certifies websites against WCAG. What a badge, seal or audit letter can honestly claim, and which accessibility certifications are real.
Pavel Charkasau - ADAhigher education
ADA compliance for university and college websites
Public universities face a WCAG 2.1 AA date in April 2027; private ones answer to Title III and Section 504. What applies and where course sites fail.
Pavel Charkasau - ADAfinancial services
ADA compliance for banks and financial services websites
Why the ADA reaches bank, credit union and fintech sites, what the credit union rulings decided, and the online banking flows that fail.
Pavel Charkasau - WCAGhow-to
Accessible navigation menus: a practical guide
How to build an accessible navigation menu: nav landmarks, aria-current, disclosure dropdowns, mobile menu buttons and the WCAG criteria that apply.
Pavel Charkasau The EAA and third-party content: who is responsible?
Where EAA responsibility sits for embeds, widgets, plugins and user content: what the third-party exemption covers, and what stays yours.
Pavel Charkasau- AIWCAG
AI accessibility remediation: what it can and can't fix
Which accessibility fixes AI can make on its own, which still need a person, and what the FTC's accessiBe order says about AI compliance claims.
Pavel Charkasau - EN 301 549PDF
EN 301 549 documents: what Chapter 10 requires
Chapter 10 of EN 301 549 applies WCAG to PDFs, Word files and other non-web documents. Which clauses change, what V4.1.1 adds, and how to test.
Pavel Charkasau - ADAhotels
ADA compliance for hotel websites and reservations
What the ADA asks of a hotel website: the reservations rule, describing accessible rooms, third-party booking sites, and WCAG for the booking flow.
Pavel Charkasau - ADATitle III
ADA demand letter: what to do when you get one
Got an ADA demand letter about your website? What it is, what federal and California law say, and the calm steps to take in the first week.
Pavel Charkasau - WCAGhow-to
Accessible data tables: a practical guide
How to build accessible data tables: th and scope, captions, complex headers, sortable columns and responsive layouts, with the WCAG criteria.
Pavel Charkasau - EN 301 549EAA
EN 301 549 Annex ZB: how the standard maps to the EAA
Annex ZB in EN 301 549 V4.1.1 maps the standard's clauses to the EAA's Annex I requirements. What its five tables cover and how to use them.
Pavel Charkasau - scannerbuying guide
Accessibility scanner buyer's guide: what to look for
A buyer's guide to accessibility scanners: reach behind a login, findings mapped to a named standard, and honesty about what automation misses.
Pavel Charkasau - evidenceWCAG
How to read an accessibility scan report
What the numbers in an accessibility scan report mean, why a score is not conformance, and which findings still need a person to confirm.
Pavel Charkasau - EN 301 549EAA
EN 301 549 functional performance: clause 4 explained
Clause 4 was informative in V3.2.1. In V4.1.1 the eleven functional performance criteria are testable and sit in the EAA conformity table.
Pavel Charkasau - ADAhealthcare
ADA compliance for healthcare websites and portals
What the ADA asks of a hospital or practice site, the Section 504 web deadline HHS moved to 2027, and the portal flows scans never reach.
Pavel Charkasau - Section 508WCAG
What is Section 508 and who must comply?
Section 508 binds US federal agencies to WCAG 2.0 AA. Who it covers, how it reaches vendors through the FAR, and who it leaves out.
Pavel Charkasau - accessibility-statementEAA
Accessibility statement examples that hold up
Three real published accessibility statements, what makes each one honest, and the wording that claims more than the testing behind it supports.
Pavel Charkasau - monitoringaudit
Accessibility monitoring vs audit: which do you need?
An audit tells you where you stand today. Monitoring tells you when that stops being true. How to decide which your team needs first.
Pavel Charkasau - overlaysADA
Do accessibility overlays cause lawsuits?
Overlays do not cause accessibility lawsuits, and they do not prevent them. What the 2026 filing data shows, and what actually changes your risk.
Pavel Charkasau - EN 301 549hardware
EN 301 549 ICT requirements beyond the web
Clauses 5 to 8 cover kiosks, hardware, voice and video. What EN 301 549 asks of ICT that is not a web page, and which version applies now.
Pavel Charkasau - ADArestaurants
ADA compliance for restaurant websites and ordering
What the ADA asks of a restaurant site: menus, online ordering, reservations, and who answers when a third party runs the checkout.
Pavel Charkasau - ADASaaS
ADA compliance for SaaS and web applications
What the ADA asks of a SaaS product: which rules reach you, why buyers want a VPAT, and where app UIs fail behind the login.
Pavel Charkasau - WCAGhow-to
How to build an accessible modal dialog
Focus management, Escape, ARIA and the native dialog element: how to build an accessible modal dialog, with the WCAG criteria behind each part.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAe-commerce
Checkout accessibility under the EAA: where stores fail
What the EAA requires of a checkout, which WCAG criteria bite at the payment step, and how to test a flow a crawler never reaches.
Pavel Charkasau - scannerbuying guide
How to run an accessibility scanner trial before you buy
How to plan an accessibility scanner trial that proves something: which pages to sample, how to compare two tools, and where automation stops.
Pavel Charkasau - WebAIMWCAG
WebAIM Million 2026: what the numbers actually show
The WebAIM Million 2026 found detectable WCAG failures on 95.9% of home pages and 56.1 errors each. What that measures, and what it leaves out.
Pavel Charkasau - ADAmobile apps
ADA mobile app compliance: what actually applies
Title II names WCAG 2.1 AA for government apps, with 2027 and 2028 dates. Private apps have no rule, but Title III still reaches them.
Pavel Charkasau - ADATitle II
ADA Title II vs Title III: which applies to you?
Title II binds state and local government. Title III binds businesses open to the public. How to tell which one you are under, and what changes.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAAI Act
AI Act accessibility rules: how they connect to the EAA
Article 16(l) of the AI Act points at the European Accessibility Act. What the Digital Omnibus deferral changed, and what applies now.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAEN 301 549
How to prepare for an EAA accessibility audit
What an EAA accessibility audit checks, the records Article 13 requires you to keep, and how to have the evidence ready before a request arrives.
Pavel Charkasau - AudioEyeoverlay
AudioEye alternatives in 2026: what a code-first tool does
AudioEye repairs pages at load time. A code-first alternative finds issues you fix in source. How the two compare and how to switch safely.
Pavel Charkasau - evidenceprocurement
What accessibility compliance evidence should you keep?
Accessibility compliance evidence: what to record after every scan, from scope and tool version to manual results, and how long to keep it.
Pavel Charkasau - EN 301 549mobile apps
EN 301 549 for mobile apps: what Chapter 11 requires
Chapter 11 is the software clause. What it asks of a mobile app, which WCAG criteria go Void, and where Chapter 9 applies instead.
Pavel Charkasau - ADATitle III
ADA compliance for small business websites
There is no small-business exemption in ADA Title III. What you owe online, where undue burden applies, and the tax credit that offsets it.
Pavel Charkasau - ADAWCAG
Does the ADA require WCAG, and which level?
The ADA never names WCAG. Here is where WCAG is actually binding in US law, which level applies, and which version to build toward.
Pavel Charkasau - WCAGscreen-reader
How to test your website with a screen reader
A practical guide to testing your website with a screen reader: which one to pick, the commands you need, what to check, and where it stops.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAtransport
EAA compliance for travel and transport booking
How EAA compliance applies to travel and transport booking sites: what is in scope, what is required, and how to check it.
Pavel Charkasau - agenciesWCAG
Agency accessibility services without the consultancy
How web agencies can package accessibility as a repeatable service: what to scan, what to hand over, and where to bring in a specialist.
Pavel Charkasau - full site scanWCAG
Why homepage-only scans miss your real accessibility risk
WCAG conformance applies to full pages and complete processes. Here is what a homepage-only scan cannot tell you, and what to scan instead.
Pavel Charkasau - EN 301 549procurement
What EN 301 549 means for accessibility procurement
EN 301 549 was written for ICT procurement. What to name in a tender, and how to read the conformance report a supplier sends back.
Pavel Charkasau - ADAoverlay
Are accessibility overlays ADA-compliant?
Overlays don't make a website ADA-compliant. What the ADA requires, what the FTC and courts have said, and what actually lowers your risk.
Pavel Charkasau - ADAe-commerce
ADA compliance for e-commerce: what actually matters
What the ADA asks of online stores: which WCAG version to target, where carts and checkouts fail, and how to check your own site.
Pavel Charkasau - PDF/UAWCAG
How to make a PDF accessible (PDF/UA)
The tags an accessible PDF needs, how to export them from the source document, and how to check the file before you publish it.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAAnnex I
EAA Annex I: functional accessibility requirements
What EAA Annex I requires for products and services, section by section, and how EN 301 549 turns those functional rules into testable checks.
Pavel Charkasau - EqualWeboverlay
EqualWeb alternatives that fix code, not overlay it
EqualWeb's headline product is an overlay widget, not a code fix. Here are the code-first EqualWeb alternatives and why swapping widgets won't help.
Pavel Charkasau - accessibility auditWCAG
What a real accessibility audit includes (beyond a scan)
An accessibility audit is more than a scan: defined scope, sampled pages, manual expert testing, and a written report. What a real audit covers.
Pavel Charkasau - EN 301 549harmonised standard
What is a harmonised standard? EN 301 549 explained
What a harmonised standard is under EU law, how one is made, and why EN 301 549 is the harmonised standard for digital accessibility.
Pavel Charkasau - WCAGcontrast
WCAG color contrast requirements, explained
What WCAG requires for color contrast: 4.5:1 for text, 3:1 for large text and UI, plus how to measure and fix it. A plain-language guide.
Pavel Charkasau - VPATSection 508
What is a VPAT and how to fill one out
What a VPAT is, who publishes it, and how to fill one out: the four conformance levels, the three-column format, and what a scanner can't do.
Pavel Charkasau - accessibilityCI
Accessibility testing in CI: a practical guide
How to run accessibility testing in CI with axe-core, Playwright and pa11y, what a check catches, and how to gate a pull request on violations.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAmicroenterprise
The EAA microenterprise exemption, explained
Who the EAA microenterprise exemption covers, why it applies to services and not products, and the under-10-staff, €2M thresholds behind it.
Pavel Charkasau - scannerWCAG
Free vs paid accessibility scanners: what you get
What a free accessibility scanner checks, what paid tools add, and where both stop: single pages vs full journeys, standards mapping, honest coverage.
Pavel Charkasau - accessiBeFTC
The accessiBe FTC settlement, explained
The accessiBe FTC settlement, explained: what the $1M order found, what it bars, and what it means if you use an accessibility overlay.
Pavel Charkasau - EN 301 549conformance report
How to write an EN 301 549 conformance report
An EN 301 549 conformance report records how your product meets each clause. What it contains, how to test, and how honest to keep it.
Pavel Charkasau - WCAGfocus visible
How to make keyboard focus visible (WCAG 2.4.7)
Keyboard focus visible is WCAG 2.4.7, Level AA. What it requires, the CSS that breaks it, and how to build a focus indicator that passes.
Pavel Charkasau - Section 508WCAG
Section 508 vs WCAG: what federal contractors need
Section 508 vs WCAG, for federal vendors: which WCAG version 508 requires, how it reaches contractors, and what a VPAT actually proves.
Pavel Charkasau - WCAGforms
Building accessible forms: a practical guide
How to build accessible forms: labels, fieldsets, instructions, and error handling, with real HTML and the WCAG criteria behind each.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAWeb Accessibility Directive
EAA vs Web Accessibility Directive: private vs public
The EAA covers private products and services; the Web Accessibility Directive covers public sector sites. Here's which applies to you.
Pavel Charkasau - UserWayoverlay
UserWay alternatives that fix code, not overlay it
UserWay is an overlay, not a code fix. Here are the code-first UserWay alternatives, what to look for, and why swapping one widget won't help.
Pavel Charkasau - overlaycode-first
Overlay vs code-first accessibility: the real difference
Overlay vs code-first accessibility: one patches pages in the browser, the other fixes your source. The real difference, and why it matters.
Pavel Charkasau - EN 301 549presumption of conformity
EN 301 549 Annex A and presumption of conformity
EN 301 549 Annex A links the standard to the Web Accessibility Directive: what its presumption-of-conformity tables mean, and how the EAA differs.
Pavel Charkasau - WCAGName Role Value
How to fix Name, Role, Value (WCAG 4.1.2)
A developer's guide to fixing WCAG 4.1.2: give each control a real name, the right role, and live state — native HTML first, ARIA only when needed.
Pavel Charkasau - ADATitle III
ADA website compliance in 2026: the factual guide
Does the ADA apply to your website in 2026? A plain guide to which WCAG standard, Title II vs III, deadlines, and how to actually comply.
Pavel Charkasau - ADATitle III
AI accessibility lawsuits: what the 2026 trend means
AI-assisted complaints are driving more ADA accessibility lawsuits. What the 2025 pro se data shows, and what actually lowers your risk.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAEN 301 549
How to become EAA compliant: a step-by-step guide
A step-by-step guide to becoming EAA compliant: confirm scope, meet EN 301 549 (WCAG 2.1 AA), test in two layers, publish a statement.
Pavel Charkasau - agenciesscanner
How to choose an accessibility scanner for an agency
How agencies should pick an accessibility scanner: authenticated scans, WCAG and EN 301 549 mapping, honest coverage, and client-ready evidence.
Pavel Charkasau - automated testingmanual testing
Manual vs automated accessibility testing
Automated scans catch the machine-checkable issues; manual testing catches the rest. When you need each, and how to combine them in practice.
Pavel Charkasau - EN 301 549Web Accessibility Directive
EN 301 549 and the Web Accessibility Directive
How EN 301 549 underpins the EU Web Accessibility Directive for the public sector: deadlines, the accessibility statement, and how conformity works.
Pavel Charkasau - WCAGstandards
WCAG levels A, AA, and AAA explained
What WCAG levels A, AA, and AAA mean, which one the law asks for, and why AAA is not a whole-site target. A plain guide to conformance levels.
Pavel Charkasau - ADATitle III
Accessibility lawsuit trends in 2026: what the data shows
What the 2026 filing data shows: the UsableNet and Seyfarth counts, who is actually getting sued, and what lowers your accessibility risk.
Pavel Charkasau EAA enforcement by country: a 2026 picture
Who enforces the European Accessibility Act in each EU country, and what Sweden, France, Germany and the Netherlands have actually done in 2026.
Pavel CharkasauHow EAA market surveillance and enforcement work
How the EU checks accessibility: market surveillance for products, service compliance checks, complaints, and national penalties under the EAA.
Pavel Charkasau- accessiBeoverlay
accessiBe alternatives that fix code, not overlay it
accessiBe is an overlay, not a code fix. Here are the code-first accessiBe alternatives, what to look for, and why the FTC fined it $1M.
Pavel Charkasau - automated testingWCAG
How much of accessibility can automated tools catch?
Automated accessibility tools catch roughly 30–57% of issues, depending on how you count. Here's what they find, what they miss, and why.
Pavel Charkasau - EN 301 549WCAG 2.2
EN 301 549 V4.1.1 is published: what changes
EN 301 549 V4.1.1 landed in September 2026 and moves web content to WCAG 2.2 AA. What changed, and why v3.2.1 is still the legal yardstick.
Pavel Charkasau - WCAGWCAG 2.2
WCAG 2.1 vs 2.2: what actually changed
WCAG 2.1 vs 2.2 added nine success criteria and dropped 4.1.1 Parsing. What each new rule requires, and which version your law expects.
Pavel Charkasau - ADATitle II
ADA Title II deadline extension: what actually changed
The DOJ pushed ADA Title II web accessibility deadlines to 2027 and 2028. What changed, what didn't, and what state and local governments do now.
Pavel Charkasau - WCAGalt text
How to write alt text that actually helps
A practical guide to writing alt text: the WCAG 1.1.1 rule, the W3C decision tree, when to leave it empty, and how to handle functional images.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAdisproportionate-burden
The EAA disproportionate burden exemption, explained
What the EAA disproportionate burden exemption is, when it applies, and how to document the assessment under Article 14 and Annex VI.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAWordPress
EAA compliance for WordPress sites
How to make a WordPress site EAA compliant: what's in scope, why no plugin does it alone, and how to check your theme, plugins, and content.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAe-books
European Accessibility Act requirements for e-books
What the European Accessibility Act requires for e-books: accessible EPUB files, metadata, text-to-speech, and how publishers check conformance.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAbanking
EAA compliance for banking and financial services
What the EAA requires for online banking, apps and ATMs: who is in scope, the WCAG 2.1 AA standard, and how to check it.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAmobile
EAA compliance for mobile apps: what's required
Does the EAA cover your mobile app? What's in scope, which standard applies, and how to check and document your app's accessibility.
Pavel Charkasau - EAASaaS
EAA compliance for SaaS and B2B software
Does the EAA apply to your SaaS or B2B software? What's in scope, what's exempt, and how to check and document your product.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAaccessibility-statement
Accessibility statement requirements under the EAA
The accessibility statement requirements under the EAA: the elements you must include, the public-sector model, and how to fill it in honestly.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAenforcement
EAA enforcement one year on: what's actually happening
European Accessibility Act enforcement a year after the deadline: French court rulings, market surveillance, and what it means for you.
Pavel Charkasau - EN 301 549EAA
EN 301 549 checklist for 2026
An EN 301 549 checklist for 2026: which clauses apply, what maps to WCAG 2.1 AA, and how to record conformance honestly.
Pavel Charkasau - scheduled scansmonitoring
Automated accessibility monitoring with scheduled scans
Recurring daily, weekly, or monthly full-site scans surface new WCAG issues on their own. Here's how scheduled accessibility monitoring works.
Pavel Charkasau - EN 301 549EAA
What is EN 301 549 Annex C and why it matters
EN 301 549 Annex C is the normative annex that makes each requirement a pass/fail test. What it covers and why it matters for the EAA.
Pavel Charkasau - EN 301 549WCAG
EN 301 549 vs WCAG: the exact relationship
EN 301 549 vs WCAG isn't a choice. WCAG 2.1 AA is the web-content requirement inside EN 301 549, which then goes further. How the two map.
Pavel Charkasau - WCAGoverlay
The best WCAG scanner that isn't an overlay
A WCAG scanner finds issues in your code; an overlay hides them. Here's the difference, why overlays draw lawsuits, and what to look for.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAe-commerce
EAA compliance for e-commerce: a practical checklist
A practical EAA compliance checklist for online stores: who is in scope, what the law requires, and how to verify your site.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAWCAG
EAA vs WCAG: how they actually relate
EAA vs WCAG, explained: WCAG is the technical standard, EN 301 549 wraps it, and the EAA is the law that references it. How they fit together.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAscope
Who must comply with the EAA (and who's exempt)?
Who must comply with the European Accessibility Act, which products and services are covered, and which microenterprises are exempt.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAEN 301 549
The EAA deadline: what it means and what's enforced
A plain-language guide to the European Accessibility Act deadline: what 28 June 2025 changed, what's actually enforced, and the transitional periods.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAaccessibility-statement
Do you need an accessibility statement under the EAA?
A plain-language guide to what the European Accessibility Act asks in-scope services to publish, and how it differs from a public-sector statement.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAShopify
How to make your Shopify store EAA compliant
A plain-language guide to Shopify EAA compliance: what the law requires, what Shopify handles, what's on you, and how to check and document it.
Pavel Charkasau - EAAaccessibility-statement
Is my website compliant with the European Accessibility Act?
A plain-language guide to checking whether your site meets the EAA: who is in scope, what the law actually requires, and how to verify it.
Pavel Charkasau